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這一篇是經典外刊《經濟學人》今天剛發來的最新文章。講的是關稅后,中國進出口貿易受到怎么樣的影響。按照常理分析,美國最為中國最大的客戶,中國的出口應該受到巨大影響,但是實際并非如此。美國在對中國抬高了門檻的時候,中國也找到了新的領域。
這篇文章生詞不多,也沒有什么復雜的長難句。大家可以讀一下增加一下語感,也順帶了解一下貿易戰方面的情況。有幾個寫作好用的詞匯和句式我會在微博(九月美語)里面分享。
Life after tariffs
關稅后的生活
Trade war? China’s exporters have expanded their global market share貿易戰?中國出口商擴大了全球市場份額As America raises its walls, Chinese companies find new terrain
當美國加高城墻時,中國公司找到了新的領域
· terrain /t?'ren/ n. 地形,地勢,地帶
Print edition | Finance and economics
A year ago an economic forecasting unit in the Chinese government published an outlook for the coming year. The big worry, it concluded, was the external environment.
Shipments to America, China’s biggest customer,would suffer as the trade war
dragged on. China had maxed out its exports to other big countries, and others were too small to make a difference.
· shipment n. 我們熟知的意思是船運、水運,這里是“貨物”的意思
· drag on 拖延
一年前,中國政府的一個經濟預測部門發表了對未來一年的展望。報告最后說,最大的擔心是外部環境。隨著貿易戰的持續,運往美國(中國最大的客戶)的貨物將受到影響。中國對其他大國的出口已經達到最大化,而其他國家太小,無法發揮作用。
So China’s
boffins are, like many others, surprised by how things have gone. Exports to America are indeed down, by nearly 15% so far this year. But exports to the rest of the world have been much stronger (see chart).China, it turns out, had more to sell to its big customers: exports to Europeare
on track to surpass exports to America this year. Meanwhile exports to smaller markets in South-East Asia, such as Vietnam and Malaysia, have
boomed.· boffin /?bɑf?n/ n. <英俚>研究員,技術專家,科學工作者
· on track 步入正軌,走上正軌
· boom v. 激增,繁榮昌盛
所以,和許多其他人一樣,中國的研究人員對事情的發展感到驚訝。對美國的出口的確下降的,今年到目前為止下降了近15%。但對世界其他地區的出口卻更強勁了(見圖表)。事實證明,中國有許多東西可以賣給大客戶:今年對歐洲的出口有望超過對美國的出口。與此同時,對越南和馬來西亞等東南亞較小市場的出口也在蓬勃發展。
According to data from cpb World Trade Monitor,China’s share of global exports has reached 11.9%, slightly higher than in July 2018, when the first American tariffs hit.
Sluggish imports—in part because of a domestics low down—mean the trade
surplus is set to be about a quarter bigger in 2019 than in 2018.
· sluggish adj. 蕭條的,行動遲緩的
· surplus /'s?pl?s/ n. 過剩,剩余,順差
根據《世界貿易檢測》CPB的數據顯示,中國在全球出口中所占份額已經達到了11.9%,略高于2018年7月美國首次征收關稅時的水平。在一定程度是由于國內經濟放緩導致的疲軟意味著2019年的貿易順差要比2018年增加約四分之一。
One explanation for China’s
resilient exports is the yuan’s 6%
depreciation against the dollar since the trade war began. That has
blunted the tariffs’ impact. China’s currency has also weakened against other major trading partners.
· resilient /r?'z?l??nt/adj. 彈性的
· depreciation /d?,pri??'e??n/n.貶值,跌價(與之相反的是appreciation增值)
· blunt v. 使減弱,使降低效應
對中國彈性出口的一個解釋是,自貿易戰爆發以來,人民幣對美元貶值了6%。這就削弱了關稅帶來的影響。人民幣對其他主要貿易伙伴的匯率也有所下降。
A second is goods routed through other countries to avoid tariffs. Some sent to South-East Asia have ended up in America. Vietnamese customs officials have
stepped up checks of everything from seafood to aluminium to ensure that they are not relabelled Chinese goods. Julian Evans-Pritchard of Capital Economics, a research firm,estimates that American tariffs have cut Chinese gdp growth by about 0.6 percentage points, but that trans-shipments through South-East Asia may have lifted it back up by 0.3 percentage points.
· step up 增加,提升
第二種解釋的通過往其他國家的貨物來避免關稅。一些被發往東南亞的貨物最終還是來到了美國。越南海關官員已經加強了從海鮮到鋁的所有商品的檢查,以確保這些商品不會被重新貼上中國商品的標簽。研究公司Capital Economics的Julian Evans Pritchard估計,美國海關使中國國內生產總值增長下降了約0.6個百分點,但通過東南亞的轉口運輸可能使其回升了0.3個百分點。
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